Mountains and Volcanoes
How is the Earth structured?
The Earth is made up of three main layers – crust, mantle and core. The crust is the hard ‘skin’ that we walk on, and under this is a solid, but hot, layer called the mantle. Below this is the core – inner and outer – which is liquid rock and has extremely hot temperatures (4,000 – 6,000 degrees C).
How are mountains formed?
The Earth’s crust is made up of lots of pieces (like a jigsaw) called techtonic plates that move on the surface very slightly. When two plates collide they can push upwards to create a lump of rock over millions of years, called a mountain. Many mountains forming in the same place is called a range.
What is a volcano?
A volcano is a mountain that opens downward to a pool of molten rock below the surface of the earth. When pressure builds up, eruptions occur. Gases and rock shoot up through the opening and spill over or fill the air with lava fragments.
We will also be learning about what lives on a mountain and find out why some people choose to live near volcanoes.